Transformer cooling system



June 17, 1930. I, HILL 1,764,305

' TRANSFORMERA'COOLING SYSTEM Fil'd Feb. 14, lzs 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 17, 1930. L. H. HILL TRANSFORMER COOLING SYSTEM I Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 14, 1928 ATII'ORNEY Patented June 17, 1930- UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE LELAND H. HILL, OF SHARON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELEC TRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPAHY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA TRANSFORMER GL UKQING- ESYSTEM Application filed February My invention relates to transformer cooling systems and comprehends an arrange ment for applying a cooling medium to the heat-radiating units tranversed by the insulating liquid enveloping the transformer.

In accordance with my invention, there is provided an individual blower unit for each radiator or group of radiator tubes.

It is characteristic of my invention that it has marked advantages over other schemes by virture of its low cost, compact size, ellicient operation and flexibility.

It is also characteristic of my invention that existing tllDlJtlltltllS may be improved by mounting individual blowers constructed in accordance with my invention thereon, without affecting the apparatus.

Individual air blowers, constructed in accordance with my invention, may be mounted in any suitable position with respect to the radiator unit and may be adapted to force air in any direction. along the walls of the radiator tubes, but I prefer to mount the individual blowers on about the center of the transformer radiator bank and to arrange the deflecting blades to cause the air to move upwardly along the walls of the tubes because I have found this .to be the most effective disposition of the blower.

It will be understood that my invention is applicable in any application where it desirable to provide oil-immersed, selfeooled transformers, with means for blowing air on the cooling surface to increase its emissivity.

In general, my invention is applicable to four types of equipment: (1) for use in localities in which high ambient tempera-- tures are liable to be occasionally encounten ed; to take care of occasional pealts in loading, for example, a 30% overload for several days out of the whole year; a me: is for providing spare capacity to be used in case of emergency; and (4;) for use with very large transformers where lack of space on the tank precludes the necessary number of radiators for self-cooling without making the-case unusually large.

My invention may be more readily understood if the accompanying drawings are fol1ow= blower shown in Fig. 2 and having a side portion thereof removed, and

Fig. 4 is a View in cross section taken on the line IV IV of Fig. 3.

Referring to Fig. 1, auxiliary air blast equipment constructed in accordance with my invention comprises individual blowers 1 that are mounted on each radiator 2' through which passes an insulating liquid medium 83, such as oil, said medium passing toward and from a casing 4 through lower and upper pipes 3. Disposed within the casing a is suitable transformer equip ment or the like, not shown, whichis energized through conductors electrically insulated from the casing 4: by insulators 5, the casing, ordinarily, being constructed of a metallic material, such as steel.

The aforesaid liquid medium envelops the transformer equipment, the latter, during operation, elevating the temperature of said medium 33 which, thereupon, circulates through the radiators 2. The radiators 2 coin prise plurality of spaced tubular memb surfacewhereby the liquid medium 83 raversing them may be cooled.

As pointed out above, it is sometimes de- .sirable and advantageous to increase the blowers s collectively providing a large radiatn a casing S on the side of the Tin. tcinperatnre-re'sponsive automatically close an elec art the motor 7 when the the, aforesaid liquid inedanstoi'nrsr casing} reaches a nip nitride. The. electrical "olling the operation oi osed in a suitable housing su h as a pipe 9 that is supported by .tiaps 10 secured to the transformer casino; 4. The tan 6 prifierallv similar to the well-luiown exhaust fan a is mounted in the outside end oia sheet metal conduit or casing structure 11. The. motor 7 driving the tan (5 is preferably a relatively small motor that is totally enclosed and impregnated to make it moi ture-proof.

Deflectors l2 may be provided in the I ll ll temperati' iuin ii h:

outer end of the casing 11 which permit the entrance of air but deflect rain.

The motor 7, preferably, is supported in a frame 13 that, in turn, is secured to the casingll, each of the latter, in turn, being secured to a radiator by bolts H, or the like, extending between the radiator tubes 15 and bein "ircd to flanges 16 of the casi i. walls 17 are provided on the s of each radiator 2 within the i and are retained in posi tion by the h rer bolts 1% between the lower l ar oi. the casing 11 and the oi the tubes 15, Figs. Sand vcails 17 bridge the spaces anix/er and lower flanges 16 ex- I m m which forms an air outlet;

port :icrds between the upper ed e of the l and the lower edge of the 'i gier i 4.

I barrier 15) that extends from the .Xnotner to ilie bott m of the casing 11 is pro ruled deflecting and guiding the air n (3 L L I sides of the casing 11 4 ited by i. e arrows in Figs. 2 and 3.

he fan 6 draws cool air operation,

= the atmosphere thro i the openings :vcen the deflectors i2 and forces it .TKilfjll the openings 15-? into the space bethe rad tubes. The air currents of a radiator are directed I form streams that meet in a resultant current, of moves upwardly along the sides of at div liator This action decrease ten'iperature ot' the surradiator tubes which, in turn, in a cooling of the liquid medium dirough the tubes in the usual manall of the units being out of commission at once is very remote. lVith my system, i 1 one motor or fan becomes inoperable, a large. percentage of the air blast equipment. namely, the individual units. on each of the other radiators still available. For ere ample, in large units where. ll) to 20. or more, radiators are utilized, the loss of one unit reduces the effectiveness oi the air blast only 10% or as the case may be. \Vherc a single blower is utilized for the whole transformer and the motor becomes inoperable, the air blast equipment is incapacitated fit. Individual radiator blowers constructed in accordance with my invention have the additional advantage that separate blowers may be kept on hand at very slight cost and may be mounted in place whenever needed.

The maintenance of my individual radiator blowers is also comparatively small,

due to the decreased jointing necessary for the steel work. The individual blowers may be easily removed and the transformer jointed as an ordinary unit. Due to the small length of the conducting ducts of the individual radiator blowers, the operating losses are relatively small in comparison with the operating los." 0t blower systems wherein long conducting ducts are necessary. v

As indicated above, llltllVldllfll radiator blowers constructed in accordance with my invention are advantageous by virtue of the fact that they may be readily mounted on existing transformers. By this means, an inexpensive and etlicient t-anstormer may be obtained from an old unit. The possible increased ciliciency materially depends upon the design of the particular transformer but will generally be between and thereof as may be found most convenient and desirable.

The blowers also may be'arranged to blow air downwardly along the tubes as well as upwardly or to blow air bot-h downwardly and upwardly at the same time.

The auxiliary air blast equipment is easily arranged for automatic control, whereby the blowers are started as soon as a predetermined oil temperature is reached and stopped when the equipment is no longer required.

Various changes and modifications may be made in my invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with a casing for containing a liquid medium, of a radiator conradiatoix.

nected to said casing and traversed bysaid liquid medium, a casing embracing a portion of said radiator and provided with airoutlet ports on opposite sides thereof, a fan mounted within said casing for producing a current of air, and means for directing said air through said outlet ports and toward the 2. The combination with a'casing for containing a liquid medium, of a radiator connected to said casing and traversed by said liquid medium, a casing embracing a por-' tion of said radiator, a fan mounted within said casing forv producing a current of air, said casing being formed to provide a plurality of passageways for distributing said current of air, and means for directing said air from said passageways toward the ra-- diator. u

3. The combination with a casing for containing aliquid medium, of a plurality of spaced heat radiators connected to said casing, and cooling apparatus therefor comprising a. housing associated with each radiator, means mounted within said housing for creating a current of air, and means includlng said housing for directing said current of air onto the surface of said radiators.

4. In combination, a casing, a plurality of radiators connected to said casing for cooling a fluid contained therein, a separate air cooling apparatus for each'of said radiators comprising a bifurcated ho u s i n g mounted thereon having air outlet ports on opposite sides thereof, means within said housing for producing an air current, and

means including said housing for directing said an current upwardly along the radiating surface of sald radiator.

5. In combination, a plurality of separated parallel vertically elongated heat radiating elements, a cooling device for each of said elements comprising a substantially conical housing mounted on said elements, means for effecting the passage of a current of air through said housing, andaneans for directing said current of air upwardly near the radiating'surface of said elements.

6. The combination with acasing, a liquid medium in said casing, and a lurality of radiating units connected to said casing and traversed by said liqu-idmedium, of cooling directing a cooling fluid in a plurality of directions with respect thereto, and means comprising a motive device assoclated with diators spaced about the ta 8. The combination with a casing, a liquid medium in said casing, and a plurality of radiating units connected to said casing and traversed by said liquid medium, structures associated individually with said units for directing a cooling fluid in a plurality of substantiall opposite directions with respect thereto, an means comprising a motive device associatedwith each of said structures for passing a cooling fluid therethrough.

9. In a cooling system, a tank containing fluid to be cooled, a pluralit of cooling raand connected adjacent the top and bottom thereof to per mit circulation of the fluid through the radiators, means for directing air along the surfaces of the radiators comprising separate casings associated with the several radiators and provided with air outlet ports on opposite sides thereof, and a separate blower unit within each casing.

10. In a cooling system, a tank containing fluid to be cooled, a plurality of cooling radiators spaced about the tank and connected adjacent the top and bottom thereof to permit circulation of the fluid. through the radiators, each radiator comprising a plurality of spaced fluid-conducting members, and means for directing air upwardly along said fluid-conducting members from opposite sides of a radiator com rising a casing mounted on the radiator an a blower unit within said casing.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 9th day of February, 1928.

LELAND H HILL. 

